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Annotated Checklist of Bowed Stringed Instruments by |
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The National Music Museum's
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Collaborative LuthiersBernstein, Reed Raphael: 1981,
1983, 1984 |
 One of the seven complete violin octets made by |
NMM 6728. Treble violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins and Carolyn W. Field, Montclair, New Jersey, 1985. Printed paper label with Field's name, model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in black ballpoint pen: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / TREBLE [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / VIOLIN SUS No. 124 / C. W. Field / Montclair, N. J. 1985 / G D A E 1320 H2. Black ballpoint pen on inside of back upper bouts: Carleen M. Hutchins / 1985. Black ballpoint pen on inside of top upper treble bout: Carleen M. / Hutchins / 1985. Black ballpoint pen on inside of back center bouts: TREBLE / VIOLIN / G - D - A - E 1320 H2. Brand on inside of back on treble side near soundpost and on inside of top between treble f-hole and center joint: [CMH monogram with two f-holes]. Short pencil line on bottom block at joint with back, indicating center position. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce, fine grain. Back: two-piece maple cut slightly off-the-quarter, with medium curl ascending from center joint; pith flecks; wide grain; large button; small black-filled dowel hole through back into top block on bass side of center joint; small black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint. Ribs: maple cut off-the-quarter with medium curl angled to right on bass side, angled to left on treble side; wide grain; some pith flecks; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple with prominent, small ray flecks; wide neck heel; neck heel extends far into top; inside of pegbox stained black. Varnish: medium orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: black-painted steel with built-in black-painted brass fine tuners. Pegs: four ebony. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: ebony. F-holes: very long; flared wings; lower wings slightly channeled; inside edges stained black. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Total length: 466 mm. Back length: 288 mm. Upper bout width: 131 mm. Center bout width: 86 mm. Lower bout width: 162 mm. Rib height: 19-20 mm. Stop length: 139 mm. Vibrating string length: 228 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 87 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6729. Soprano violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins and Carolyn W. Field, Montclair, New Jersey, 1981. Printed paper label with Field's name, model, and last two digits of year written in black ballpoint pen, the serial number written in black ink: C. W. Field / CARLEEN HUTCHINS [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / SUS No. 300 / Montclair, N. J. 1981 / Soprano Violin C · G · D · Asso. Pencil on bridge toward fingerboard: Td[r]eg. Faint remains of numbers in pencil on inside of back. Top: two-piece, spruce cut slightly off-the-quarter, with medium grain. Back: two-piece, quarter-cut maple with medium curl descending from center joint; spalting and pith flecks; wide grain; large button; small black-filled dowel hole through back and purfling into top block on bass side of center joint; small black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint. Ribs: quarter-cut maple with medium curl angled to right on bass side, angled to left on treble side; some pith flecks; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple with faint, narrow curl; wide neck heel; neck heel extends far into top; inside of pegbox stained black. Arching: low. Purfling: wide. Varnish: medium orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: black-painted steel with built-in black-painted brass fine tuners; beige, red, black, and gold decal on underside: SYSTEM / OTTO INFELD / WIEN. Pegs: four ebony. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: ebony. F-holes: lower wings slightly channeled; slightly undercut. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow; wide. Total length: 532 mm. Back length: 315 mm. Upper bout width: 153 mm. Center bout width: 101 mm. Lower bout width: 197 mm. Rib height: 18-19 mm. Stop length: 166 mm. Vibrating string length: 283 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 119 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6730. Mezzo violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Laird Carlson, and Alan Carruth, Montclair, New Jersey, 1977. Printed paper label with model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in blue-black ballpoint pen: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / SUS No. 111 / Montclair, N. J. 1977 / MEZZO VIOLIN - E-A-D-G. Black ballpoint pen on inside of back, upper bass bout: Carleen M. / Hutchins / 1977. Black ballpoint pen on inside of top, upper treble bout: Carleen M. Hutchins / 1977 L. Carlson [this name in box]. Brand on inside of back above label, on inside of top at center, and on top block: [CMH monogram with two f-holes, incomplete on inside of back]. Black ballpoint pen on inside of back near soundpost: MEZZO / VIOLIN / G - D - A - E / 440. Blue ballpoint pen on bridge toward tailpiece: CARRUTH. Top: two-piece, spruce cut slightly off-the-quarter, with wide grain. Back: two-piece, quarter-cut maple with narrow-to-medium curl ascending from center joint; pith flecks; wide grain; small black-filled dowel hole through back into top block on bass side of center joint; small black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint. Ribs: quarter-cut maple with prominent, narrow-to-medium curl angled to left on bass side, angled to right on treble side; some pith flecks; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple with faint, narrow curl; neck heel extends far into top; inside of pegbox stained black. Arching: low. Purfling: wide. Varnish: medium orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: black-varnished ebony or African blackwood; tulip-shaped. Pegs: four ebony with mother-of-pearl eyes enclosed in brass rings. Saddle: ebony; finished with same varnish as body. Endpin: rosewood; two turned grooves around edge. F-holes: flared, slightly channeled lower wings; large notches; slightly undercut. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Long, diamond-shaped basswood cleats along back center joint. Piece of burlap glued to inside of upper bass rib. Total length: 623 mm. Back length: 381 mm. Upper bout width: 180 mm. Center bout width: 117 mm. Lower bout width: 229 mm. Rib height: 20-21 mm. Stop length: 203 mm. Vibrating string length: 246 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 142 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6731. Alto violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Reed Raphael Bernstein, H. Kevin Jackson, and Christine Livingstone, Montclair, New Jersey, 1983. Printed paper label with Livingstone's name, tuning, model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in black ink: Christine Livingstone / CARLEEN HUTCHINS [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / SUS No. 139 / Montclair, N. J. ALTO-VIOLA [sic] 1983 / C - G - D - A 440Hz. Black ink inscription on inside of top, upper treble bout: Carleen M . Hutchins / Christine Livingstone / Raphael Bernstein / 1983. Brand on inside of back above label and on inside of top between treble f-hole and center joint: [CMH monogram with two f-holes]. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce, wide grain; wooden dowel through top into top block on treble side of center joint; wooden dowel through top into bottom block on bass side of center joint. Back: two-piece maple cut off-the-quarter, with prominent, narrow, irregular curl, ascending very slightly from center joint; black-filled dowel hole through back into top block on bass side of center joint; black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint. Ribs: quarter-cut maple with medium curl angled to left on bass side, angled to right on treble side; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple with very faint, narrow curl; pegbox with shoulders; inside of pegbox stained black and varnished. Varnish: dark orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: rosewood; beveled face; tulip-shaped; ebony saddle. Pegs: four ebony. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: rosewood with brass ferrule; designed for extendable endpin, the spike and screw of which are missing. F-holes: lower wings channeled. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Total length: 829 mm. Back length: 513 mm. Upper bout width: 245 mm. Center bout width: 162 mm. Lower bout width: 309 mm. Rib height: 41-42 mm. Stop length: 252 mm. Vibrating string length: 424 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 172 mm. While the label of the instrument lists Hutchins and Livingstone as the makers, the free plates data sheet in Hutchins' logbook, "Construction Parameters for Altos," lists Jackson and Bernstein as the makers. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6732. Tenor violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Louis M. Dunham, and Burritt Miller, Montclair and Maplewood, New Jersey, 1971. Printed paper label with model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in black ink: CARLEEN HUTCHINS [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / SUS No. 147 / Montclair, N. J. TENOR. Paper label, handwritten in black ink in imitation of printing, pasted diagonally over upper left corner of Hutchins label: Burritt Miller / ex. Sessola Cremonensis / Montclair facebat / 1971 pro Catgut / Acoustical Society. Printed paper label, pasted diagonally over upper right corner of Hutchins label: Louis M. Dunham / Maplewood. Brand on inside of back above label, on inside of top between treble f-hole and center joint, and on top block: [CMH monogram with two f-holes]. Black ink on inside of back, at center: G - D - A - E. Pencil on inside of top, lower bout at center: X. Double pencil lines on inside of top, upper treble bout. Pencil on tailpiece: [effaced] (31) C [at E-string position] / 40-42 (36) Ab [at A-string position] / [effaced] 3 STANDARD Vc 'D' [at D-string position] / 4 [effaced] STANDARD VC 'G' SHOULD BE 50/60 [at G-string position] / THICK / 5. Pencil on bridge toward fingerboard: E A D G. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce with uneven, wide grain. Back: two-piece, quarter-cut maple with medium curl descending from center joint; black-filled dowel hole though back into top block on bass side of center joint; black-filled dowel hole though back into bottom block on treble side of center joint. Ribs: quarter-cut maple with prominent, medium curl angled to right on bass side, angled to left on treble side; lower ribs divided by a rosewood strip. Head and neck: maple, medium curl; pegbox with shoulders; inside of pegbox stained black and varnished. Varnish: medium orange. Fingerboard: ebony; beveled at E-string position. Nut: ebony; long. Tailpiece: varnished ebony; tulip-shaped. Pegs: four rosewood. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: rosewood; extendable with nickel-plated steel ferrule, screw, and spike. F-holes: lower wings slightly channeled; inside edges stained black and varnished. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Spruce cleats along inside of back joint. Total length: 1064 mm. Back length: 655 mm. Upper bout width: 314 mm. Center bout width: 207 mm. Lower bout width: 396 mm. Rib height: 68-73 mm. Stop length: 355 mm. Vibrating string length: 610 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 248 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6733. Baritone violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Reed Raphael Bernstein, and Louis M. Dunham, Montclair, New Jersey, 1984. Printed paper label with model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in black ballpoint pen: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / VIOLIN SUS No. 169 / Montclair, N. J. 1984 / BARITONE C - G - D-A [sic] VIOLIN / 220 H2. Printed paper label pasted diagonally over upper left corner of Hutchins label: Raphael Bernstein. Printed paper label pasted diagonally over upper right corner of Hutchins label: Louis W. Dunham. Black ink on inside of top, upper treble bout: Carleen M. Hutchins / 1984. Brand on inside of back above label, on inside of top between treble f-hole and center joint, and on top block: [CMH monogram with two f-holes]. Black ink on inside of back, center bout to bass side of soundpost: BARTIONE / VIOLIN / C - G-D-A [sic] / 220 H2. Pencil on tailpiece: 169. Illegible pencil on inside of top, upper treble bout. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce with wide grain broadening toward the flanks. Back: two-piece maple cut slightly off-the-quarter, with medium curl ascending from center joint; wide grain; prominent, filled knot flaw on center bass bout; short button; black-filled dowel hole through back into top block on treble side of center joint; black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on bass side of center joint; unfilled dowel hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint, close to purfling. Ribs: semi-slab-cut maple with irregular, narrow curl angled to right; wide grain; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple, medium curl; very wide grain; pegbox with shoulders; inside of pegbox stained black; white plastic tape on neck indicating thumb position, which is lower than on a standard violoncello. Arching: low. Purfling: wide. Varnish: medium orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony; beveled at C-string position. Nut: ebony; long. Tailpiece: rosewood; tulip-shaped; beveled face; pointed lower end. Pegs: four ebony. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: ebony; adjustable with nickel-plated steel ferrule, screw, and spike. Bridge: modified with raised maple inserts under G- and C-strings, parchment under A- and D-strings. F-holes: lower wings slightly channeled; small notches. Linings: willow; wide. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Bassbar: long. Willow diamond-shaped cleats along inside of back joint. Total length: 1333 mm. Back length: 843 mm. Upper bout width: 388 mm. Center bout width: 266 mm. Lower bout width: 516 mm. Rib height: 126-137 mm. Stop length: 415 mm. Vibrating string length: 715 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 293 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6734. Small bass violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Donald L. Blatter, and Laura Blatter, Montclair, New Jersey, and Erie, Pennsylvania, 1968. Printed paper label in green-blue ink with names of makers, location, string tuning, model, and year written in black ink: [Catgut Acoustical Society logo of cat playing violin vertically] Made by Donald L. and Laura Blatter / for the / strings CATGUT ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY / A-D-G-C / FOUNDED BY FREDERICK A. SAUNDERS / "SMALL BASS" / ERIE Pa. 1968 / plates tuned by C. M. H. Pencil inscription on bottom block: X. Pencil on lower treble back lining near corner block: 8. Three pencil lines on top block perpendicular to plane of back. Pencil line on inside of top at f-hole notch position. Bridge with adjustable aluminum screws branded toward fingerboard: W.J.FLEISCHER-BOSTON. Outline with non-sloped shoulders and re-curved rib corners. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce, medium grain; holes drilled through top into each corner block. Back: two-piece, slab-cut maple with irregular, medium, horizontal curl; maple dowel through back into top block; hole drilled through back into bottom block; two small drilled holes through back into bottom block on each side of larger hole, 25 mm from center joint; maple dowels through back into each corner block. Ribs: plain maple cut off-the-quarter; upper ribs not sloped; corners are re-curved; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: two-piece, plain maple; joint runs along center of neck, parallel to strings, visible at back of neck; pegbox with shoulders; varnish ends in points at neck heel and end of pegbox; inside of pegbox stained black. Arching: low. Edging: slightly scooped. Varnish: dark orange-brown; pegbox stained prior to application of varnish. Fingerboard: black-painted rosewood; beveled at C-string position; holes drilled near nut and neck heel. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: black-painted maple; beveled face; holes in face for tailgut filled with black material. Tailgut: braided steel; attached through holes drilled in face of tailpiece. Pegs: four black-painted oak pegs activated by separate brass and nickel-plated steel worm-gear tuners. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: black painted maple; adjustable endpin spike and screw missing. F-holes: narrow upper and lower wings. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow; drill holes visible. Top block: willow; holes drilled near back on bass side and near top on treble side. Bottom block: willow; rectangular; shallow. Large maple diamond-shaped cleats along back joint. Inside of body varnished golden brown. Band saw marks visible on outside of ribs. Toothed plane marks visible on inside of back. Compass mark and incised lines on outside of top at center bouts between f-hole notches. Total length: 1802 mm. Back length: 1040 mm. Upper bout width: 489 mm. Center bout width: 320 mm. Lower bout width: 632 mm. Rib height: 169-187 mm. Stop length: 522 mm. Vibrating string length: 1047 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 502 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 6735. Contrabass violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Reed Raphael Bernstein, Donald L. Blatter, and H. Kevin Jackson, Montclair, New Jersey, 1981. Printed paper label in green ink with names of makers, serial number, and year written in black ballpoint pen: [Catgut Acoustical Society logo of cat playing violin vertically] CATGUT ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY, INC. / 112 ESSEX AVENUE MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY 07042 / D. L. BLATTER / H. K. Jackson R. BERNSTEIN / #175 1981 / FOUNDED BY / FREDERICK A. SAUNDERS. Printed paper label with serial number and last two digits of year written in black ballpoint pen: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] / SUS No. 175 / Montclair, N. J. 1981. Pencil line on center of top block, perpendicular to top and back planes. Outline with non-sloped shoulders and re-curved rib corners. Top: five-piece, quarter-cut spruce, wide grain; black-filled dowel through top into bottom block to treble side of center joint; filled dowel holes through top into each corner block. Back: two-piece, slab-cut maple with irregular, very narrow, horizontal curl; some bird's-eye figure; black-filled dowel hole through back into top block on treble side of center joint; black-filled dowel hole through back into bottom block on bass side of center joint; filled dowel holes through back into each corner block. Ribs: slab-cut maple with very narrow curl; some spalting and pith flecks; upper ribs not sloped; corners are re-curved; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: plain maple; separate wedge-shaped piece of maple at back of neck heel near back button; neck heel extends far into top; inside of pegbox stained black. Arching: low. Varnish: medium orange-brown. Fingerboard: ebony; beveled at E-string position. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: black-painted maple; beveled face; four holes drilled in face for tailgut, two arranged vertically on treble and bass sides. Tailgut: braided steel. Pegs: four black-painted maple pegs activated by separate brass and nickel-plated steel worm-gear tuners. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: black-painted hardwood, probably ash; 80 mm long pin. F-holes: small notches. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow; drill holes visible in upper and lower halves. Top block: two-piece willow; wide; four drill holes visible. Bottom block: two-piece willow; four drill holes visible. Diamond-shaped maple cleats along inside of back joint. Total length: 2035 mm. Back length: 1303 mm. Upper bout width: 610 mm. Center bout width: 408 mm. Lower bout width: 801 mm. Rib height: 156-205 mm. Stop length: 635 mm. Vibrating string length: 1096 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 425 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 1999.
NMM 10181. Viola by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, New Jersey, 1953, modified by Frederick A. Saunders, South Hadley, Massachusetts. Paper label, handwritten in black ink: Carleen M. Hutchins / Sus XIII for / experiment / Montclair N. J 1953. Pencil on back, below button: FAS. Pencil on bridge toward fingerboard: Padouk. Pencil on bridge toward tailpiece: 4.49. Illegible pencil notations on top, lower treble bout and inside of back. Top: two-piece spruce, cut off-the-quarter, wide grain. Back: one-piece, quarter-cut maple with narrow curl, descending slightly from treble to bass; gourd-shaped patch removed from outside of back, the remains of glue and unstained outline of patch still visible (this was a patch added to test the effects of increasing the stiffness of the back). Ribs: quarter-cut maple, medium curl; short. Head and neck: plain maple; no scroll, pegbox terminates in rounded edge; back of pegbox open. Arching: none; flat back and top, with bassbar glued to outside of top. Purfling: none; double grooves on top, single groove on back, roughly cut with rotary saw; simulated purfling grooves added in the course of testing. Varnish: medium red-brown stain on inside and outside of top and ribs; light red-brown stain on back and pegbox. Fingerboard: ebony; beveled at C-string. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: varnished rosewood; black-stained hardwood saddle. Tailgut: steel cord woven from numerous small wires. Pegs: rosewood with convex, undercut heads and black plastic pins. Saddle: ebony. Endpin: rosewood. Bridge: padauk; one foot resting on top and the other on bassbar; single oval cutout. F-holes: "spiral-nebulae shaped," as named by Hutchins and Saunders; slot-shaped, with lower ends curved outward, then inward, and holes of 25 mm diameter at midpoint; soundhole slot cut with rotary saw; soundholes progressively enlarged in the course of testing. Linings: willow. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Bassbar: glued to outside of top rather than inside. Red sealing wax, about 10 mm diameter on inside of back, center; file marks visible on outside of ribs; toothed plane marks visible on inside of back. One of three flat-top violas on which Hutchins and Saunders performed several hundred experiments in the 1950s. Using this instrument, Hutchins and Saunders researched the acoustical role of purfling grooves, soundhole size, bridge materials, and bassbar placement. Played by William Berman, viola professor at Oberlin Conservatory of Music, at a concert during the 1969 Philadelphia meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Total length: 661 mm. Back length: 405 mm. Upper bout width: 191 mm. Center bout width: 129 mm. Lower bout width: 237 mm. Rib height: 19-21 mm. Stop length: 218 mm. Vibrating string length: 378 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 160 mm. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 2002.
Lit.: Laird, Paul R., "The Life and Work of Carleen Maley Hutchins," Ars Musica Denver, Vol. 6, No.1 (Fall 1993).
Margaret Downie Banks, "Graphite, Gruyère and a Pig Named Susie: Carleen Hutchins Instruments and Archives Donated to the Museum," National Music Museum Newsletter 30, No. 1 (February 2003), pp. 4-5.
NMM 10182. Violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, New Jersey, Daniel W. Haines, Columbia, South Carolina, and Hercules Materials Company, Inc. (Allegheny Ballistics Laboratory), Cumberland, Maryland, 1974. Printed paper label, Haines' name, the model, serial number, and last two digits of year written in black ink: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / DANIEL [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] W. HAINES / SUS No. 184 / Montclair, N. J. 1974 / EXPERIMENTAL VIOLIN. Pencil on inside of back, upper bouts: Carleen M. Hutchins / 1974. Black ballpoint pen inside single-line border on inside of back, upper bass bout: Back + / Ribs / 152.0 gr / 295 + H2 / 246. Top: one-piece graphite-epoxy composite with central fiberboard layer. Back: two-piece maple, cut slightly off-the-quarter, with narrow curl ascending from center joint; pin hole through back into top block on bass side of center joint; pin hole through back into bottom block on treble side of center joint; center joint cleated. Ribs: quarter-cut maple, with narrow curl, angled to left on bass side, angled to right on treble side; rib corners chamfered. Head and neck: maple, narrow curl. Purfling: none. Varnish: clear. Fingerboard: ebony. Nut: ebony. Tailpiece: ebony; saddle missing. Pegs: four ebony. Saddle: ebony; narrow. Endpin: black plastic with hole of 7 mm diameter through center, allowing view of body interior. Linings: willow; wide; set into corner blocks. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Back length: 353 mm. Upper bout width: 170 mm. Center bout width: 112 mm. Lower bout width: 207 mm. Rib height: 28-30 mm. Stop length: 195 mm. Vibrating string length: 330 mm. Original neck length (nut to ribs): 134 mm. Used for acoustical tests by Haines and Hutchins. This was the first violin made with a graphite-epoxy composite top, but the prototype did not result in commercial production. Gift of Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, 2002.
Lit.: Daniel W. Haines and Nagyoung Chang, "Application of Graphite Composites in Musical Instruments," Catgut Acoustical Society Newsletter, no. 23 (May 1975), pp. 13-15.
Daniel W. Haines, Carleen M. Hutchins, Morton A. Hutchins, and Donald A. Thompson, "A Violin and a Guitar with Graphite-Epoxy Composite Soundboards," Catgut Acoustical Society Newsletter, no. 24 (November 1975), pp. 25-28.
Paul R. Laird, "The Life and Work of Carleen Maley Hutchins," Ars Musica Denver, Vol. 6, No.1 (Fall 1993).
Carleen M. Hutchins and Virginia Benade, eds., Research Papers in Violin Acoustics: 1975-1993 (Woodbury, New York: Acoustical Society of America, 1997).
Margaret Downie Banks, "Graphite, Gruyère and a Pig Named Susie: Carleen Hutchins Instruments and Archives Donated to the Museum," National Music Museum Newsletter 30, No. 1 (February 2003), pp. 4-5.
NMM 10116. Violin, Le Gruyère, by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, New Jersey, 1982. Printed paper label with finely lined texture, the model, serial number, year, and initials written in black ballpoint pen: CARLEEN HUTCHINS / SUS [CMH monogram with two gray f-holes] No. 185 / Montclair, N. J. AIR MODES / 1982 / EXPERIMENT / E.A.G.S. A.H.B. Black ballpoint pen on inside of top, near top block: Carleen M. Hutchins / Dec 1982. Black ballpoint pen on inside of back, upper bass bout: Carleen M. Hutchins / Dec. 1982 / + ideas of Edgar A. G. Shaw / and A. H. Benade. Circles drawn around most air holes in upper and lower bout ribs in black, dark green, and red permanent and water-based marker. Black ballpoint pen on inside of top, along upper edge near neck, some portions partially obliterated by further wood removal: #2 / 357 H2; #4 / 250; #1 / 100; 77 . 26 [oblit.]; #2 / 172 H2. Illegible numbers and pencil marks on inside of top, predominantly near edges. Black ballpoint pen along upper edge, inside of back near neck, some portions partially obliterated by further wood removal: 250 / #1; 358 H2 / #5; #1 / 102; #2 / 177 H2; #6 / 397; # [remainder oblit.]; 94.5. Illegible numbers and pencil marks on inside of back along lower treble edge. Top: two-piece, quarter-cut spruce, wide grain. Back: two-piece, quarter-cut maple with medium curl descending from center joint; wide grain; spalting near center joint; small pith flecks; small-diameter maple dowels through back into top block on bass side of center joint and into the bottom block on treble side of center joint; pin indentation at center of back button. Ribs: plain quarter-cut maple; sixty nine holes drilled in ribs in two rows, with holes in staggered positions, the sixty-one ¼-inch (6 mm) and four 5/16-inch (8 mm) diameter holes to be temporarily plugged with cork or black foam (for acoustical research), the four ½-inch (18 mm) diameter holes semi-permanently plugged with cork or modeling clay (for internal access): ten holes of ¼-inch diameter in upper treble rib; nine holes of ¼-inch diameter, one hole of 5/16-inch diameter, and one of ½-inch diameter plugged with gray modeling clay (through edge of top block) in upper bass rib; eight holes of ¼-inch diameter in center treble rib; seven holes of ¼-inch diameter and one hole of 5/16-inch diameter in center bass rib; fifteen holes of ¼-inch diameter and one of ½-inch diameter plugged with gray modeling clay (through edge of bottom block); thirteen holes of ¼-inch diameter, two of 5/16-inch diameter (one of which, the closest to the bottom block, plugged with black modeling clay), and one of ½-inch diameter plugged with gray modeling clay (through edge of bottom block. Head and neck: plain maple; pith fleck near bass side of neck heel. Edging: scooped immediately at edge. Purfling: double incised lines. Varnish: clear; applied after rib holes drilled; inside of pegbox not varnished. F-holes: inside edge of lower wings chamfered after varnish applied. Linings: willow; wide; set into corner blocks. Corner blocks: willow. Top block: willow. Bottom block: willow. Visible toothed and finger plane marks on inside of body. Back length: 353 mm. Upper bout width: 168 mm. Center bout width: 112 mm. Lower bout width: 207 mm. Rib height: 29 mm. Stop length: 193 mm. Vibrating string length: 320 mm. Original neck length (bottom of nut to ribs): 128 mm. Used for experiments in violin air-cavity modes, 1982-2000, by Colin Holmes, Carleen Maley Hutchins, Maureen Mellody, Oliver Rodgers, Edgar A. G. Shaw, and Gabriel Weinreich. Gift of Carleen M. Hutchins, Montclair, 2002.
Lit.: Carleen M. Hutchins, "A Violin With 65 Holes In Its Ribs, Phase II," Paper K3-5, Proceedings, 12th International Congress Acoustics, Toronto, 1986.
Carleen M. Hutchins, "A Study of the Cavity Resonances of a Violin and Their Effects On Its Tone and Playing Qualities," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 87, No. 1 (January 1990), pp. 392-397.
Edgar A. G. Shaw, "Cavity Resonance In the Violin: Network Representation and the Effect of Damped and Undamped Rib Holes," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 87, No. 1 (January 1990), pp. 398-410.
Carleen M. Hutchins, "The Future of Violin Research," Catgut Acoustical Society Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Series II), p. 3 (May 1992).
Paul R. Laird, "The Life and Work of Carleen Maley Hutchins," Ars Musica Denver, Vol. 6, No.1 (Fall 1993).
Carleen M. Hutchins and Virginia Benade, eds., Research Papers in Violin Acoustics: 1975-1993 (Woodbury, New York: Acoustical Society of America, 1997).
Oliver Rodgers, "Another Look At the Swiss Cheese Violin," Catgut Acoustical Society Journal, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Series II) (1997), pp. 17-23.
Gabriel Weinreich, Colin Holmes, and Maureen Mellody, "Air-Wood Coupling and the Swiss-Cheese Violin," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 108, No. 5 (November 2000).
Margaret Downie Banks, "Graphite, Gruyère and a Pig Named Susie: Carleen Hutchins Instruments and Archives Donated to the Museum," National Music Museum Newsletter 30, No. 1 (February 2003), pp. 4-5.
Alan Carruth, "The 'Corker' Guitar: A Sideport Experiment," American Lutherie, 94 (Summer 2008), pp. 56-62.
